Gone,
but not forgotten
Improved roads and faster motor transport
robbed the line of its freight and its passengers, although petrol rationing and
other shortages caused by World War II provided enough traffic to enable
it to struggle on, barely paying its way. In its final years passengers were
allowed to travel free of charge, because it was so slow. Closure was inevitable however, and in 1944 the Maroochy
Shire Council announced that the operation of the Mapleton tram would cease at
the end of the year. The puffing of the exhaust, the growling of the gears, the
squealing of the wheels on the sharp curves and the cheery toot of its whistle
were to be heard no more on the Blackall and Highworth Ranges. The
Nambour Chronicle reported the last official run in its edition of 5th
January 1945:
"TWENTY
PASSENGERS ON MAPLETON TRAM'S LAST TRIP
"They
left Nambour after lunch, arriving at Mapleton about 3.30 pm. The visitors
returned at 5.30 pm by a special bus run by Mr J. Appleby, service proprietor.
The locomotives now remain at both termini - Nambour and Mapleton - to be
used in steaming the line prior to sale. The working account of the Mapleton
tramway will finish up with a credit balance of between 500 and 600 pounds."
On the last day, the Mapleton hauled the timetabled special and returned to the top of the Range, and the Dulong worked the cane trains from the Nambour terminus. The time had come for the people to say good-bye to the tram, and the railway era in Mapleton came to an end. There was no representative from the Shire Council, nor any official party of any kind to perform the last rites - the tram just didn't run any more.
Alvyn Hingston was a boy living in Mapleton at the time. He says, "I remember the last journey the Tram made. It arrived on the siding near the general store blowing its whistle madly. Loud cheers all round, and then the crew and many well-wishers adjourned to the Mapleton Hotel for celebrations which seemed to go on forever."
The Shire Council put the removal of the line (including the purchase of the two Shays, the rolling stock, the rails and all equipment) up for tender. The Moreton Central Sugar Mill took advantage of this opportunity to obtain sleepers and rails which were in short supply due to World War II, and made a successful offer. The Shays were valued at 40 pounds each in this transaction!
Both engines were put to work in early 1945, the Mapleton dismantling the line, the Dulong working cane traffic on the one and a half mile section between the Mill and Burnside, which would be retained until 1971. Mr Alby Lyell and a gang of Italian Prisoners-of-War arrived in Mapleton to lift the rails. The two locomotives also engaged in shunting at the Mill and hauling trucks of filter press residue down Howard Street to a wax factory (a Mill subsidiary, located where the Big W store is now). By May, all the track to Mapleton, Burnside Road and Image Flat had been lifted and removed. The rails and points were stacked at the Mill ready for re-use in other parts of the Company's tramway system.
By the end of that cane season it was found that both locomotives were in need of heavy overhaul. The Mapleton was serviceable but the Dulong needed a new boiler. By 1947 the Dulong had been written off and was being used as a source of parts to keep the Mapleton running. Some sources state that in 1948 major parts from both locomotives were amalgamated. They claim that the Dulong's engine was attached to the Mapleton's boiler and frame, the best two of the four bogies fitted, and the chimney from the Dulong transferred to the new hybrid.
The present writer suggests that only a few small items from the Dulong were used to repair the Mapleton, the largest items possibly being the chimney and maybe one or two bogies. Whether the conical chimney placed on the Mapleton at this time was from the Dulong or a newly fabricated one is not known with certainty. We do know for sure that the engine on the repaired Mapleton exhibits the steel reinforcing plate attached to the crankshaft casting with five bolts referred to earlier. The locomotive named Shay still shows the plate and bolts today. This indicates that at least the crankshaft casting on the pre-rebuild Mapleton was not replaced by that of the Dulong in 1948.
The crankshaft with its supporting brackets and housing, showing the reinforcing plate bolted on at right.
Whether the Dulong's cylinders, connecting rods and valve-gear would be transferred to the Mapleton's cracked crankshaft casting seems fairly unlikely. The writer therefore believes, in the absence of further evidence, that the engine on today's Shay is that of the pre-rebuild Mapleton, i.e. the engine of the Dulong was never swapped to the Mapleton during the amalgamation, even though reports at the time said it was in better condition. When the engine is stripped for restoration in the future, definitive evidence for one view or the other may come to light.
At the time of this rebuild, a new steel cab and bunker were made and fitted. Some of the wooden decking was also replaced at this time. After its repair, the Mapleton returned to service and continued to work on the Mill's Burnside line tramway and the wax factory shunt down Howard Street. It is believed that the Dulong's frame is still hidden in undergrowth to the south of the demolished Moreton Mill's site. The location of the discarded engine unit is unknown. The two unused bogies were set aside.
The Mill retained all the Shire's carriages and wagons after it bought the line, and modified them for use by its track gangs on the cane tramway. At least three had roofs and walled-off sections for tools, and one as a covered wagon. The tramway guard's van was converted into a navvies' van. Many were reported as still intact in 1991, but some had been scrapped and burned. Mr George Hadley, Cane Railways Supervisor at the Moreton Mill, informed the writer in May 2003 that there was no trace of any Mapleton Tramway carriages, bogies or parts remaining at the Mill. As Mr Hadley had worked there for forty years, and in fact did maintenance work on Shay, it appears certain that no relics remained. In any case, the demolition of the Mill and levelling of the site in 2004 would have destroyed any Mapleton Tramway items remaining, had they in fact still existed.
On the other hand, Mr Clive Plater of Eudlo has a two-bogied closed van at his home which may have been the Mapleton line's cream van, but its sides are now made of corrugated iron. As it seems slightly too short, it is more likely that this vehicle may instead be one of the Mill's freight vans.
The Mill lifted the rails between Burnside Road at Perwillowen and Burnside itself soon after purchasing the Mapleton Tramway, but retained the line from Nambour as far as the site of today's Rotary Garden Village at Burnside. This short track of one and a half miles lasted until the 1971, when cane production at Burnside ceased. About all that remains of this section of track are the earthworks leading to the tramway bridge across Petrie Creek, just upstream from the Arundell Avenue road bridge. The tramway bridge itself was removed in February 1971.
In 1957 the Mapleton hauled an excursion train from Nambour to Bli Bli for the Australian Railway Historical Society, Queensland Division. This train was made up of four former items of Mapleton Tramway rolling stock - three flat wagons fitted with seats for the occasion, and the navvies' van.
The following year the locomotive was renamed Shay, the name being painted on the cab side sheets. Upon retirement around 1960, it was set aside near the Mill's eastern fence, where it may be glimpsed in the video "Steam, Rails and Sugar Cane". This video was produced using 8 mm films, and the date of the sequence showing Shay is either 1966 or 1968. Around this time, more of the wooden decking was replaced. As the loco was no longer in use, the repairers did not bother to cut holes through the back decking through which to pass the sand pipes. The sand pipes were therefore not run through the woodwork to join up to the sandbox outlets. A steel cover was fixed over the top of the chimney to keep water out, but the smokebox soon began to corrode badly, notwithstanding. Most of the brass fittings, such as safety valves and whistle, were removed soon after decommissioning and disappeared.
The locomotive was later put on display on the opposite side of Mill Street to the Mill entrance, inside the fence of the Nambour Child Care Centre. Whether the youngsters were allowed to climb on the engine is not known, but it would be quite a risky place for children of that age to play. At the time, though, a number of Mill steam locomotives such as Petrie, Bli Bli and Coolum were decommissioned and set up in nearby parks and other places as playground equipment.
The photographs above, taken by the writer in June 1970, shows the loco at the child care centre. It shows Shay facing east, painted green, with black smokebox, chimney and domes. The cabsides and bunker are lined in yellow, and the name 'Shay' is painted in the centre of the left-hand cab side sheet, below the window. The name on the right-hand cabside is just above the engine compartment, due to reduced space below the window. The wheel rims are picked out in white. The drive shafts are painted red and the gears are silver. It is possible that the loco was gifted to the Shire Council at this time, but no record of this has been found at the time of writing.
As the years passed, the significance of this locomotive was not forgotten by the Mill management nor by the Councillors of the Maroochy Shire, and so an agreement dated 8th March 1985 was drawn up between them. In this agreement it was stated:
"WITNESSETH THAT WHEREAS the Council is
the owner of a certain steam locomotive (hereinafter referred to as "the
Shay") presently sited at the Nambour Child Care Centre, AND WHEREAS the
Council and the Mill are desirous of preserving the Shay for display and
historical purposes and have agreed to place in writing the terms and conditions
therefore,
"NOW THIS AGREEMENT WITNESSETH:
Firstly
On and from the date of execution of these presents the ownership of the
Shay shall vest jointly between the Council and the Mill in equal shares
absolutely UPON TRUST to ensure
preservation of the Shay for display and historical purposes.
Secondly
THE COUNCIL shall cause the Shay to be removed from its present
location at the Nambour Child Care Centre and placed at a site to be determined
by the Council and the Mill upon land owned by the Mill at Mill Street, Nambour,
Thirdly
THE MILL shall cause to be constructed on the said Site a concrete
base for the Shay to be set upon, AND FURTHER shall erect a roofed
structure over the Shay to provide protection for it from the elements.
Fourthly
Should the RAILWAY MODELLERS SOCIETY restore the Shay a plaque may
be erected on or near the Shay.
Fifthly
The costs incurred in the transportation of the Shay from the Nambour
Child Care Centre to the site on the Mill's land [just across the street]
shall be borne by the Council.
Sixthly
The costs incurred in the preparation of the concrete base upon which the
Shay will be placed as well as the protective roof will be borne by the Mill.
Seventhly
The Mill will cause the Shay to be covered and kept covered for public
risk insurance in a sum of not less than one million dollars ($ 1 000 000).
Eighthly
Either party hereto may at any time terminate this agreement by giving to
the other of them not less than three (3) months’ notice in writing. Upon
expiry of such notice this agreement shall terminate and the Mill’s interest
in the Shay shall vest in the Council absolutely. The Council shall thereupon
with reasonable expedition cause the Shay to be removed to another site and
neither party shall have any further liability of obligation to the other of
them whether under this agreement or otherwise.
"IN WITNESS WHEREOF THE COUNCIL OF THE SHIRE OF
MAROOCHY has hereunto affixed its Seal on the date hereinafter mentioned and THE
MORETON CENTRAL SUGAR MILL COMPANY LIMITED has caused these presents to be
executed this twentieth day of February, 1985."
This agreement was signed on behalf of the Mill by Thomas Maxwell (Director) and Penton Sutcliffe (Secretary), and by Donald Culley (Shire Chairman) and Donald Christiansen (Shire Clerk) for the Council. The actual document is available here: page 1 page 2
The preamble to this agreement supports the contention that the Mill had already gifted the Shay to the Shire Council, but apparently they were not entirely happy with its being located at the Nambour Child Care Centre for children to play on. It is possible that they felt that the locomotive would have a better chance of preservation if it were located in their grounds and protected by a shelter with a strong security fence. In any case, they eventually relinquished all claims to ownership of the locomotive, leaving it entirely in the hands of the Maroochy Shire Council.
After the agreement had been signed, the Shay was moved onto a concrete plinth at the entrance to the Mill, and a secure roofed enclosure built around it. To facilitate its handling by crane, metal straps were welded between the tops of the bogies and the chassis to stop them from swinging from the straight ahead position when the loco was lifted. In a later repaint, the white wheel-rims were painted black, and the name 'Shay' was moved to a higher position, forward of the side window.
To celebrate the centenary of the settlement of Mapleton in 1989, the people of the town requested that the old locomotive Shay be brought up the Range by truck and put on display in the Services Memorial Park, adjoining the Mapleton State School. This was agreed to, and the roofed enclosure came with it. The enclosure was erected on concrete footings over the loco, between the toilet block and Flaxton Drive. For most of that year the engine remained there, and was quite a popular tourist attraction.
Though local residents were hopeful that it would be allowed to remain in Mapleton, this was not to be, for the Shay went back to Nambour before the year was out. Its shelter went with it, and both were re-erected just inside the Mill's main entrance at the approach to Nambour Railway Station (below).
At the front of the shelter was an enamel sign which gave details of the locomotive. The text was written by John Knowles, a rail enthusiast and expert of long-standing. It is not known how old the sign is, but it is in safe hands at present. In 2000, the management of the Mill announced its intention to decommission its cane tramway network, and to transport all cane from out-lying farms in to the Mill by road trucks. This caused great disquiet in Nambour, as the hundreds of additional truck movements that this would entail, going as would be necessary through the very heart of the town and through its main intersections, would create traffic havoc during the crushing season. As well, the townsfolk expressed a sentimental attachment to their little trains, and saw them as a tourist attraction as well as fulfilling their main purpose quite admirably.
The Moreton Sugar Mill in its final seasons.
The Moreton Mill site remains vacant in December 2006, three years after closure.
The idea of hauling cane to the sugar mill by truck came to naught for in mid-2003, after some years of low sugar prices, the Mill's owners announced that it would cease sugar crushing operations altogether at the end of that year's season and would then be demolished. Closure of the Mill after 106 years meant that the small amount of raw cane still being grown needed to be transported by truck to mills at either Beenleigh or Maryborough. As of 2005, some is converted locally into 'cow candy', a nutritious fodder for cattle, but it is not known if cane growing near Nambour will continue. We do know that some cane farmers have changed to growing of vegetables such as beans, and these crops are proving more profitable than cane ever was.
Demolition begins at the Moreton Mill in 2004.
The top of the chimney stack is cut off and lowered by crane.
Half of the stack has been cut through and lifted off, and a machine tries to push the rest over.
Pushing fails, so the lower half of the Mill's chimney stack is yanked unceremoniously to the ground by cable.
Rubble litters the site as demolition proceeds.
Shay sits dolefully in its shelter at the main gate, as the Mill around it is reduced to scrap and trucked away.
The closure of the Mill and its complete demolition in mid-2004 (above) caused moves to be initiated by the Maroochy Shire Council to utilise part of the tram network near Bli Bli or Coolum as a tourist-carrying operation. Suggestions were made that the Shay locomotive and others be refurbished to pull these trains. They could have been made operational in a similar way to the Moreton. A change in the Council's view after the 2003 election and the opposition of farmers (who wanted the tram tracks removed from their properties immediately) put paid to this idea before it got off the ground. Most of the the tracks east of the Mill were lifted before the end of 2004.
The Mill site remains fenced off in January 2007.
The foreign owners of the Moreton Mill, Bundaberg Sugar, sold the site to Walker Corporation, who presented plans for redevelopment (including a large shopping centre) to the Maroochy Shire Council. The Council had previously stated that they wanted any new development to respect the heritage of the area, and that it should incorporate a residential component and a light-rail facility using the existing tracks down Howard Street to transport passengers between the proposed shopping centre and other retail centres in the town. The Nambour Weekly stated in its edition of 20th December, 2006, that Walker Corporation "had included a cinema complex, a supermarket and over 100 specialty shops, but it reflected little acknowledgement of the area's history, nor any inclusion of the heritage-listed cane railway into the design."
Walker Corporation abandoned its
plans for the site and sold the property in late 2006 to Mirvac, a unit trust
corporation, for $ 12.4 million. It is hoped that the Council can work with
Mirvac to redevelop the 7.7 hectare mill site in a way that can satisfy both
parties, for the continuing progress of Nambour and the good of its community.
Regarding the future of the Shay locomotive, some people of Mapleton petitioned the Shire Council to have it returned to their town, where the engine was based and stabled overnight for so many years. In July 2004 the Council agreed to this, and the locomotive will be relocated to Mapleton sometime in the future. It is expected that it will be placed in the small park on the south-western corner at the intersection of Delicia Road and Obi Obi Road. This site is felt to be suitable, as it is almost on the tramway formation, and within a stone's throw of the site of the locomotive shed where the engine was stabled overnight so many years ago. Also, the nearest house (The Old School House) and the nearby Mapleton Hall both date from 1916, so they are contemporaneous with the locomotive (built in 1914). The nearby Mapleton Tavern dates from 1910.
It is possible that funds may be raised to completely rebuild the loco so that it can run in steam once again. Maybe we will yet see a Shay geared locomotive again in operation near Nambour, but its low top speed would make it unsuitable for tourist traffic. To restore the locomotive to working order would necessitate the replacement of many damaged, corroded and missing parts. Each replacement of an old part with a new one would diminish the historical authenticity of the loco, so maybe it is best to just tidy it up as an exercise in cosmetic restoration, and then put it on static display. In 2004 the Maroochy Shire Council moved the Shay to its Works Depot, where languished for over a year, exposed to the weather.
Shay being lifted by crane at the entrance to the demolished Moreton Mill.
Shay on its way to the Maroochy Shire Council Works Depot for storage.
On 4th August 2005 a public meeting was
called in Mapleton to gauge local interest and to decide the future of the locomotive. The meeting was
unanimous in its approval for giving Shay
On 7th April 2006, Shay was loaded onto a semi-trailer truck and
transported 140 kilometres south to the Ipswich
Railway Workshops. A bus load of local enthusiasts accompanied it on its
journey. The Ipswich plant, once the main steam locomotive workshops of the Queensland Railways,
now has two main functions. Firstly, it acts as a museum
and showcase for
Though a full restoration to steam
is something the people overseeing its care would dearly like to achieve, the writer believes that
such an objective is somewhat unlikely. So many parts would need to be replaced
that the historic value of the locomotive would be compromised.
This party of well-wishers accompanied Shay on its journey to the Ipswich Workshops.
Shay departs Nambour for its trip down the highway to Ipswich.
Shay claims the world's speed record for a geared steam loco - 110 kilometres per hour - and in reverse!
Bon voyage, Shay - we hope to see you back again soon, and safely installed in your new home at Mapleton.